History of Unemployment in America Research Paper

History of Unemployment in America - Research Paper Example It has not always, however, been the wealthy and pretentious country it has been portrayed to be. Throughout its history, unemployment has been a figure of great concern. There have been periods of extremely low unemployment, followed by some alarmingly high periods of unemployment where even the most experienced and educated among us have struggled to find work. To progressively move towards a more free and prosperous country in the future, it is important to understand the historical trends of unemployment in America, the people affected, and the overall impact on American society in general. Historical Unemployment Trends in America Actual unemployment figures in the United States are only available from the 1940s onward, but we do know that American has went through cyclical trends of employment throughout its formation. As recently as 2009, the unemployment rate was over 10% and continuing to rise (Beyers, 2013). While many in the younger generation believe this was as bad as it has ever been, history certainly tells us otherwise. Interestingly enough, in the early days of America, employment was almost guaranteed. Simply considered the vast area of our land and couple that with the reality that the population of the country actually started off quite small, and America had the perfection economic and employment conditions under which to thrive (Closson, 1895). And, thrive the country did during those early years. There was so much to be done after the Revolutionary War that nearly anyone who wanted a job could have one. This was particularly true because of the agrarian nature of the early Republic. There were relatively few factories, so as soon as those were built and opened, much staff was needed. In addition, farming work in the late 1700s and 1800s was incredibly labor intensive, so the job that takes one person today required as many at 50 a few hundred years ago. As such, unemployment was basically unheard of and not even counted for nearly 180 yea rs after America gained its independence (Closson, 1895). As America began to expand, the need for laborers expanded right along with it. Consider the Homestead Act of 1862. This government policy gave every adult American up to 160 acres of public land, with the one provision that they agreed to cultivate and put it to use within five years. This created a renewed vigor and America that was based on expansionary and visionary thinking (Closson, 1895). Because of this, once again, more people were needed to cultivate the land given out nationwide than there was actually available in the workforce. Even Americans who were considered down on their luck during this time period quickly discovered that they had more ‘job’ offers that they could imagine. The mood in the country was quite bright as employment was high, and the possibilities seemed limitless. Again, there was no perceived need to count unemployment due to the fact that everyone who desired a job had one. As the land began to become cultivated, however, and the industrial revolution began to sweep through America, changes were certainly on the horizon. It should be pointed out that farming work, and cultivating land, did not pay much and it became increasingly difficult to sustain a family on somebody else’s land. As such, as soon as factories began to be built in full force in the latter part of the 17th and salty 18th centuries, there was a mass migration

The criminal justice system in the United Kingdom

The criminal justice system in the United Kingdom Introduction: Justice is a human rights and law reform organization based in the United Kingdom. It is the British section of the International Commission of Jurists, the international human rights organization of lawyers devoted to the legal protection of human rights worldwide. Consequently, members of JUSTICE are predominantly barristers and solicitors, judges, legal academics, and law students. The main areas of Justices work are: Human rights Criminal justice European Union (EU) law The rule of the law The word fair is defined by Merriam-Websters Dictionary (2009) as marked by impartiality and honesty, free from self-interest, prejudice, or favoritism. Related words include just, equitable, impartial, unbiased, dispassionate, and objective, all of which mean free from favor toward either or any side. One additional term that is important for understanding fairness is desert. Desert refers to getting what you deserve, as in reward or punishment. The Criminal Justice System of England and Wales: The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is one of the major public services in the country, with over 400,000 staff across six agencies which work together to deliver criminal justice. The core agencies are the police, the Crown Prosecution Service, the courts, the National Offender Management Service (which covers prisons and probation) and the Youth Justice Board (which oversees Youth Offending Teams). Some services and initiatives within the CJS are run by a number of voluntary groups such as Victim Support and the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders (NACRO). The substantive aspect of the law reflects the what of the law, in that laws are created to define certain behaviors as crimes and to provide punishments for violations of those laws. Two main goals of Criminal Justice System: One goal of the criminal justice system is to reduce crime. Reducing crime can be achieved through reactive means, such as responding to a call for service, making an arrest, obtaining a criminal conviction, and carrying out the punishment imposed by the court, or through proactive means, such as eliminating the conditions that produce criminality. Another goal of criminal justice system is justice. They have to assure that they give justice to everyone without any discrimination. Justice should be above everything. Favorism should be eliminated from the root. Is criminal justice system fair? Before you decide whether the system is fit for purpose you have to decide what that purpose is. There is too much pressure on the criminal justice system because it is supposed to solve societys ills. But it is not the answer to everything; it cant be used to cope with the mentally ill, the homeless and problem teenagers. Thats not what it is designed for; it can never be fit for that purpose. Politicians have created a panic about crime so the public now fear there wont be enough space in prison for all the people who are guilty of offences. They have trapped themselves in a debate where they tell the public there is nothing wrong with the system, then enact more criminal laws to change it. One of the greatest challenges facing the criminal justice system is the need to balance the rights of accused criminals against societys interest in imposing punishments on those convicted of crimes. That is one view. An opposite view is the problem of wrongful convictions. A spate of wrongful convictions in Canada has resulted in judges in some jurisdictions being sent on a 3-day course on avoiding wrongful convictions. Why have these convictions occurred? Four factors have been identified: Overconfident eyewitnesses Bogus prosecution experts Lying jailhouse informants (who frequently invent confessions) Overzealous prosecutors or inept lawyers who jeopardize the right to trial of the accused. An additional factor in wrongful convictions is the tendency, particularly in high profile cases, of the press, police, and publicity-seeking public figures, to convict the accused prior to trial. As expected, comments on both sides of the debate are plentiful. Some of the critics of Sir John Stevens (head of the  Metropolitan Police Service from 2000 until 2005) suggest that social action is the best approach in cutting crime, so that the issue of criminal justice never comes up, since crimes will not be committed. Job creation is an excellent example of that approach. The problem, of course, is that organized and even disorganized, that is random crime is not affected by job creation. Gangs terrorizing neighborhoods are not impressed by flower-planting and make-work programs. The issue of the criminal justice system is therefore not addressed. Crimes will still occur and the criminal justice system will still have its problems. The other view, dealing with wrongful convictions, is equally as serious. When people sit, wrongly convicted, for 15 years, major miscarriages of justice occur. Another factor influencing the system is public opinion. The courts have a difficult balance to achieve while the courts should not be controlled by public sentiment, neither should they lose the confidence of the population. Let us look now at another country, the United States of America. When the former President, Mr. Bush, was Governor of Texas, that State had an incredible record of executions. Yet I didnt see crime, or more the fear of crime, decrease. The streets of Texas cities are empty even at midday due to concerns with crime. We have seen this situation in Houston and Dallas. You cannot find people out at night walking around. Instead, they live, if they can afford it, in gated communities. Now it is equally true that Texas has a strong gun culture. However, no one doubts that hardened criminals in any jurisdiction can obtain the firepower they want. Equally, liberal approaches to crime, such as that of Mr. Lionel Jospins government in France, have resulted in the police unwilling to enter certain neighborhoods and uncontrolled street gangs burning automobiles and Lorries. Do you notice something interesting with these examples? Whether the criminal justice system is restrictive or permissive, gang violence is rampant since the public order establishment (not just the police) have not addressed the situation by eliminating the gangs. Is that the answer? Would that return order and public confidence? Should the goal of the criminal justice system be the conviction of the guilty? Or fair trials for all? Or the elimination or reduction of crime? Equally, if fair trials are the goal, and crime still dominates, there will be no public satisfaction or confidence. Reform of Criminal Justice System: The Justice for All public service agreement (PSA 24) outlines a program of reforms for reducing crime and re-offending, and providing justice. This section sets out these programs against the main priority areas. Efficiency and effectiveness Making the system/process more efficient and effective at bringing offences to justice is a priority for the Criminal Justice System. This section covers the programs aiming to support this goal. Bichard 7 Business information strategy Cross-CJS alignment Exchange links Postal charging and requisitions Prisons to Court Video Links PROGRESS Secure eMail Virtual Courts Public confidence: The Criminal Justice System working effectively requires that people in local communities feel confident that it is fair, effective and meets local needs. This section covers the programs aiming to ensure local communities are informed about its performance, consulted and engaged about their priorities. Adult Conditional Cautions Community Engagement with the CJS Youth Crime Action Plan Victim and witness satisfaction: The Criminal Justice System exists to allow victims to seek redress. This section covers the programs aiming to help improve victims and witnesses satisfaction with the service provided by the CJS. Victims Pledge Witness Charter Race disproportional: The Criminal Justice System needs to be fair to all regardless of their background or situation. This section covers the programs aiming to help identify and address any unjustified disproportional with regard to race throughout the criminal justice process. Minimum Data Set Asset recovery The Criminal Justice System is concerned with seizing assets acquired by convicted criminals through their activities. This section covers the programs aiming to support the recovery of assets from criminals. Content will be available shortly. Compliance and enforcement: Ensuring that offenders and defendants comply with sentences and orders of the Criminal Justice System is integral to delivering an effective and efficient justice system that inspires public confidence and trust. This section covers programs aiming to produce an improved way of measuring compliance and enforcement performance. Compliance and enforcement measure. WORD COUNT:

Poland and the Black Death Essay -- the bubonic plague

The bubonic plague is not a virus but rather a bacterium called Yersinia pestis (discovered in 1894 by a bacteriologist named Alexandre Yersin) that lives in the bloodstream of rats as an inconsequential infection. It transfers from rat to rat by fleas, which today we know were the original carriers of the plague. When a flea bites an infected rat and picks up the bacteria, it rapidly reproduces in the flea’s digestive tract, causing a mass that doesn’t allow the flea to swallow. The flea begins to starve from this blockage, and bites new rats in hopes to find food, unable to swallow the flea vomits what it has bitten back into the blood stream, along with the bacteria that was in the flea’s stomach, thus infecting a new rat. The plague began when fleas frantically searching for food began to bite humans as well as rats, giving the humans Yersinia pestis, which unknown to the human immune system, manifested into the plague (Damen 2014). However, humans can not o nly contract the disease from fleas biting them, but also by inhaling the bacteria. In humans the disease can manifest in three ways: bubonic, septicemic or pneumonic way. In the bubonic plague (which was most common during the Black Death) the lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, and groin swell and blacken into â€Å"buboes† that then infect the rest of the body. The common practice was to pop these boils, and so typically infection killed the patient if the disease managed to not. With the septicemic plague, the bacterium inhibits the body’s ability to clot, causing internal hemorrhaging that kills the patient. With the pneumonic plague, the bacterium settles in the victim’s lungs and within four to five days, the lungs essentially liquefy, killing the patient. With the pneumoni... ...Jews Went Viral." Jspace.com. N.p., 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. "The Black Death: Horseman of the Apocalypse in the Fourteenth Century." The Black Death. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Feb. 2014. â€Å"The Black Death." Wordpress.com. N.p., 11 Dec. 2008. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. Trueman, Chris. "The Black Death of 1348 to 1350." HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. History Learning Site, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. VanPutte, Cinnamon L., Jennifer L. Regan, and Andrew F. Russo. "Chapter 11: Blood."Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. N. pag. Print. Wein, Berel. "The Black Death." Jewish History. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. "What Is Hemophilia?" NHLBI.NIH.GOV. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 31 July 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. Wilensky, Gabriel. "Blaming the Jews for the Black Death Plague." Six Million Crucifixions. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.

Life as a Mom Essay

Although the media depict most women as housewives and stay-at-home mothers, in reality many women work full time and put their children in daycare. Stay at home moms and working moms have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, a stay at home mom is able to give greater attention to the family while working moms are able to provide financial stability although they are not able to assure greater care to their children. I experienced both, being at home and working outside the home. I personally believe having my husband and me working has made my family happier. According to a recent study by the American Psychological Association of over 1,300 moms the happiest moms are, perhaps unsurprisingly, those who work part-time (Bindley 1). Comparing and contrasting being a stay at home mom vs. a working mom along with the modern economic and social reality has led to the emergence of various social changes and one such social change is the emergences of two kinds of mothers namely stay at home mothers and working mothers (Bindley 1). In this essay, an attempt is made to study the similarities and differences between the working mothers and stay at home mothers; also the term `stay at home moms ‘ refers to those mothers who do not work outside their homes. They prefer to stay at home. This is due to their care for their children and family, also these stay at home moms before they became mothers were working women. Gradually there is transition of working women to becoming stay at home moms. However, after they became mothers, it was very difficult to manage both house and work. Consequently, they decide to quit their jobs and stayed at home for the sake of their family. Leaving the financial stress on their husbands. Stay at home moms usually enjoy their status as being house wives and do not crib at the fact that they are staying at home. The children of such stay at home moms are also happy that their mom is staying with them. In the modern society this is a very difficult decision for the mother to leave her job as it put stress on families financially. Thus only when single income parents could manage with their limited income, the mothers could leave their jobs. Currently there are many work at home jobs which are tailor made to serve the stay at home moms so that they also could obtain extra income and they could make use of their spare time. These jobs are usually telecommuting in nature which means that mothers are not expected to go their work place (Bindley 1). As for why they might be happier, the authors theorized, â€Å"a mother’s participation in employment provides her with support and resources that a mother who spends full time at home does not receive.† (Bindley 1) The main advantage with stay at home moms is that they are able to take perfect care of their family. The main disadvantage with this system is that such families need to depend on single income which then can put a lot of strain on a relationship between husband and wife. As I grew up my mom was a single parent, until I turned 13 when she met my step-father Grant. She worked, went to nursing school full time, and still managed to find time to make it to all of my sporting games. She also was gone a lot too. This then made me have to raise myself a little bit. My mom never let me go without; I always had what I needed when I needed it. I always said that when I was a parent someday, that I would make sure I could provide for them like she did for me. â€Å"There is nothing I would change about how I did things when you were a child; I made sure you had everything you needed.† (Shumaker) â€Å"Things did get much easier when I met Grant and we put our finances together.† (Shumaker). Now as an adult not only do I make sure my children are taken care of day and night, I also attend school, work part-time, and I find time to spend with my husband. Having a husband is such a big help. Not only for our family financially, but also for my children to have a father, and he helps do things for them when I’m not able to. I was a stay at home mom at one point in my life with our oldest daughter when she was a newborn. It was nice, although I felt like I had no adult interaction. I feel that interaction with other adults is critical to say â€Å"sane†. I never felt pretty because I was always wearing sweatpants, and no make-up. Even if I went out to do grocery shopping and run errands it wasn’t enough adult interaction. Because my husband worked all day he wanted to get things done around the house, and I wanted him to watch the kids so I could go do something by myself. We also didn’t have enough money to do anything, he solely paid the bills. That put a lot of stress on our relationship. I would want to go out to dinner, but we didn’t have the extra money. I realized quickly how much more important it was to work. I know that being there for my children is priority. However, interacting with other adults is also very important. Now that I work and my husband works we have enough money to do fun things with our children when we are not working. We bought a brand new camper to take them camping. It also gives us enough money to go out by ourselves and hire a babysitter for the night. Our lives are much more enjoyable for our children, my husband, and me. Having me work instead of staying at home. I still find time to make healthy dinners, and take care of our children. It has made my marriage stronger and it has made me feel better about myself because I contribute to our bills.

Large Intestine Essay

Many people often confuse the large intestine with the small intestine. However the large intestine is wider (about 3 inches) yet shorter than the small intestine  (in humans about 4. 9 feet in length as compared with 22 – 25 feet for the small intestine) and has a smooth inner wall. (Britannica)   Ã‚   The large intestine consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis  externa is concentrated into 3 bands called teniae coli. These 3 bands of muscle form pouches (haustra) because they are shorter than the rest of the colon. The epithelium of the mucosa is mostly goblet cells, and has a numerous  amount of crypts, there are no villi. (Martini, Ph. D. ) The ileocecal valve (sphincter) prevents materials from moving back into the ileum. In the upper half of the large intestine, enzymes from the small intestine complete the digestive process and bacteria produces the B vitamins (B12, thiamin, and riboflavin) as well as vitamin K. Martini, PhD) The large intestine’s primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues and storage of fecal matter until it can be expelled. The large intestine is the last attraction in digestive tube and the location of the terminal phases of digestion. In comparison to other regions of the tube, there are huge differences among species in the relative size and complexity of the large intestine. Nonetheless, in all species it functions in three processes:   (Marieb) *Recovery of water and electrolytes *Formation and storage of feces Microbial fermentation A wide variety of diseases and disorders occur in the large intestine. The most frequent and common disease of the large intestine is Crohn’s disease. The cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown. ( Britannica) Apart from the greater tendency for fistulas to form and for the wall of the intestine to thicken until the channel is obstructed, it is distinguishable from ulcerative colitis by microscopic findings. In Crohn’s disease, the maximum damage occurs beneath the mucosa, and lymphoid conglomerations, known as granulomata, are formed in the submucosa. Crohn’s disease attacks the perianal tissues more often than does ulcerative colitis. Although these two diseases are not common, they are disabling. ( Britannica) Because there is no specific etiology, a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids and aminosalicylic acid compounds, is used to treat Crohn’s disease. (Web MD) The drugs are effective both in treating acute episodes and in suppressing the disease over the long term. Depending on the circumstances, hematinics, vitamins, high-protein diets, and blood transfusions are also used. Surgical resection of the portion of the large bowel affected is often done. The entire colon may have to be removed and the small intestine brought out to the skin as an ileostomy an opening to serve as a substitute for the anus. In ulcerative colitis, as opposed to Crohn’s disease, the rectal muscle may be preserved and the ileum brought through it and joined to the anus. (Web MD) Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the major sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose intolerance is a problem caused by the digestive system. (lactose) People who do not have enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose they consume may feel very uncomfortable when they digest milk products.

Explore the World With Virtual Field Trips

Explore the World With Virtual Field Trips Today there are more ways than ever to see the world from the comfort of your classroom. Options vary from live-streaming explorations, to websites that allow you to explore a location via videos and 360 ° photos, to full-on virtual reality experiences. Virtual Field Trips Your classroom may be hundreds of miles away from the White House or the International Space Station, but thanks to these high quality virtual tours that make good use of  voiceovers, text, videos, and related activities, students can get a real sense of what its like to visit.   The White House:  A virtual visit to the White House features a tour of the Eisenhower Executive Office as well as a look at the art of the ground floor and the state floor. Visitors can also explore the White House grounds, view the presidential portraits that hang in the White House, and investigate the dinnerware that has been used during various presidential administrations. The International Space Station:  Thanks to NASA’s video tours, viewers can get a guided tour of the International Space Station with Commander Suni Williams. In addition to learning about the space station itself, visitors will learn how astronauts exercise to prevent the loss of bone density and muscle mass, how they get rid of their trash, and how they wash their hair and brush their teeth in zero gravity. The Statue of Liberty:  If you can’t visit the Statue of Liberty in person, this virtual tour is the next best thing. With 360 ° panoramic photos, along with videos and text, you control the field trip experience. Before beginning, read through the icon descriptions so that you can take full advantage of all the extras that are available. Virtual Reality Field Trips With new and increasingly affordable technology, its easy to find online field trips that offer a complete  virtual reality  experience. Explorers can purchase cardboard virtual reality goggles for less than $10 each, giving users an experience almost as good as actually visiting the location. Theres no need to manipulate a mouse or click a page to navigate. Even an inexpensive pair of goggles provides a life-like experience allowing visitors to look around the venue just as if they were visiting in person. Google Expeditions offers one of the best virtual reality field trip experiences. Users download an app available for Android or iOS. You can explore on your own or as a group. If you choose the group option, someone (usually a parent or teacher), acts as the guide and leads the expedition on a tablet. The guide selects the adventure and walks explorers through, directing them to points of interest. You can visit historical landmarks and museums, swim in the ocean, or head to Mount Everest.   Discovery Education:  Another high-quality VR field trip option is Discovery Education. For years, the Discovery Channel has provided viewers with educational programming. Now, they offer a phenomenal virtual reality experience for classrooms and parents. As with Google Expeditions, students can enjoy Discovery’s virtual field trips on desktop or mobile without goggles. The 360 ° videos are breathtaking. To add the full VR experience, students will need to download the app and use a VR viewer and their mobile device. Discovery offers live virtual field trip options- viewers just need to register and join the trip at the scheduled time- or explorers can choose from any of the archived trips. There are adventures such as  a Kilimanjaro Expedition, a journey to the Museum of Science in Boston, or a visit to Pearl Valley Farm to learn how eggs get from the farm to your table. Live Virtual Field Trips Another option for exploring via virtual field trips is to join a live-streaming event.  All you need is an internet connection and a device such as a desktop or tablet. The advantage of the live events is the opportunity to participate in real time by asking questions or participating in polls, but if  you miss an event, you can watch a recording of it at your convenience. Field Trip Zoom  is a site that offers such events for  classrooms and home schools. There is an annual fee for using the service, but it allows a single classroom or homeschooling family to participate in as many field trips as they’d like during the year. The field trips aren’t virtual tours but educational programs designed for specific grade levels and curriculum standards. Options include  visits to Ford’s Theater, the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, learning about DNA at the National Law Enforcement Museum, trips to the Space Center in Houston, or the Alaska Sealife Center. Users can watch pre-recorded events or register for upcoming events and watch live. During live events, students can ask questions by typing in a question and answer tab. Sometimes the field trip partner will set up a poll that allows students to answer in real time. National Geographic Explorer Classroom:  Finally, don’t miss National Geographic’s Explorer Classroom. All you need to join in on these live-streaming field trips is access to YouTube. The first six classrooms to register get to interact live with the field trip guide, but everyone can ask questions using Twitter and #ExplorerClassroom. Viewers can  register and join in live at the scheduled time, or watch archived events on the Explorer Classroom YouTube channel. The experts leading National Geographic’s virtual field trips include deep sea explorers, archaeologists, conservationists, marine biologists, space architects, and many  more.

The Issue Essay Example

The Issue Essay Example The Issue Essay The Issue Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Journal 1 The Issue Poverty is a major cause for mental and psychological imbalance. Many poor people in the world are more likely to be affected by mental and psychological diseases. Psychological and mental conditions can also be aggravated by the conditions in which poor people live in. Majority of the poor people suffering from mental diseases are exposed to harsh living and social conditions. Many of them can barely cater for their treatment expenses. Most poor people cannot access health care centers and in most cases are abandoned by their next of kin. Poverty allows mental health to thrive; it presents a perfect case for people to suffer from mental illnesses. Poor people are faced with many problems. They are always anxious of what tomorrow holds for them. They are always faced with the challenge of providing for their families even when there is nothing to offer. They live in constant fear of not succeeding in their quest for a desirable livelihood. Poverty is characterized with a daily strug gle to survive, and the mental implications that come with failure are adverse. All these factors create very favorable conditions for mental and psychological complications. Poverty and mental health therefore represent a vicious cycle that ravages through society’s poor leaving an indelible mark in the lives of its victims. Children from poor families are more unlikely to get a decent education and usually perform poorly compared to their counterparts from well off families. Poor people who are mentally ill also suffer from a variety of human rights violations. Most of them undergo both sexual and physical abuse and face many forms of discrimination. Creating a favorable and comfortable environment for poor people suffering from mental illnesses will improve their welfare. Interventions in this case will go a long way in eradicating poverty as well as ensuring that mental illness is kept at check. Governments therefore need to intervene in this area of public health to deal with poverty as a whole, and ensure mentally ill people gain access to treatment. Mental heath professionals must ensure that they treat cases of mental illnesses among the po or with the deserved importance. Research Question How can the government and mental health professionals intervene to ensure that cases of mental illness among the poor reduce? The issues affecting mental health patients require policy intervention. The government and stakeholders in public health must act to ensure that people who are poor and mentally ill receive assistance. It is the sole duty of the government to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to its citizens. The government also has a duty to ensure that citizens live in good conditions. Mental health professionals too are obliged by the nature of their profession to participate in any initiative that might improve the welfare of mental health patients. An improvement in the conditions of living of mentally ill patients will benefit not only the patients but also the mental health profession as a whole. The interaction between mental health and poverty represent a vicious cycle that in turn affects a country’s economy and its development as a whole. It als o means that these people are at an increased risk of becoming poorer. The government needs to intervene in order to stop this vicious cycle. The government must put in place policies that will address the issue of mental illness in poor households. Government policy must therefore address the twin issues of poverty and mental health. Access to mental health care should be made easy and poor people should be assisted in seeking specialized health care for their mental health problems. This is a critical issue in health, wellness and psychology. Poverty affects the wellness of a person while mental health touches on both health and psychology. This research links well with my concentrations and will help focus attention on the plight of poor mentally ill people. It shall easily assist in finding solutions to the problems they face. Annotation Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Internet resource. In their book, these authors examine the issues presented by my research question. Their book studies the relationship between poverty and the psycho-mental health of youth. In this book Lipman et al, suggest that the mental effects that poverty has on the youth can sometimes extend even to adulthood. They argue that there is a strong relationship between poverty and mental problems among the youth and that compared to youth from well off families, they are most likely to develop mental problems. They say that mental health is not only affected by household poverty but also communal poverty. They add that mental health is affected by several factors that include familial conflicts, the mental health of the parents and social distress. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. In their book, Ann and Hill clearly illustrate the existing relationship between poverty and mental health. They argue that, for policies that address these needs to be formulated, there is a need for the policy makers to understand the underlying effects of poverty on mental health. They propose a system that will grant the poor and mentally ill benefits that will enable them seek appropriate treatment. They also propose that governments must also address the needs of the poor and establish agendas for communities ravaged by poverty. They call for the establishment of poverty awareness education in the instruction of mental health professionals so that they may respond to such issues with the urgency and importance required. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Web. 28 January 2013.